Cable de fibra óptica blindado

2025-09-24

Prefacio

La fibra óptica, un material flexible, debe someterse a un procesamiento para proporcionar suficiente resistencia mecánica para adaptarse a diferentes entornos. Este tratamiento protege la fibra de fuerzas externas durante la instalación, operación y mantenimiento, asegurando así un funcionamiento estable de la red. Sin embargo, muchos cables ópticos externos e internos carecen de una protección adecuada en entornos complejos, lo que lleva al diseño de cables ópticos blindados para resolver este problema.


1. Visión general del cable de fibra óptica blindado

Como su nombre indica, el cable óptico blindado se refiere a una capa de "armadura" metálica instalada en la capa exterior del cable óptico. La función de esta capa de armadura es evitar que la fibra óptica sea mordida por animales, humedad u otros daños externos.

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2. ¿Por qué elegir un cable de fibra óptica blindado?

Tradicionalmente, los cables ópticos externos se colocan en conductos fuertes para protegerlos de daños. Sin embargo, este método de instalación es complicado, lento, laborioso y costoso. Para simplificar este proceso, los diseñadores han incorporado una capa de refuerzo metálico en los cables. Este diseño no solo aumenta la resistencia a la compresión y a la tracción de la fibra, sino que también permite un uso prolongado en entornos hostiles. Hoy en día, los cables ópticos blindados se utilizan ampliamente en la industria de las comunicaciones ópticas.


3. La estructura del cable de fibra óptica blindado

baño

La cubierta exterior es la primera línea de defensa para cables de fibra óptica blindados, protegiéndolos eficazmente de los solventes y la abrasión física. Normalmente, la cubierta exterior está hecha de un material plástico como el polietileno.


Armadura de metal

El refuerzo de metal se encuentra entre las chaquetas exterior e interior para proteger contra cortes, masticaciones y quemaduras. También protege el cable durante la instalación. Estos refuerzos suelen estar hechos de materiales metálicos fuertes.


Baño interior

La funda interior protege el cable de fibra óptica y normalmente está hecha de materiales protectores y retardantes de llama. En pocas palabras, la capa de la tapa del cable suele estar compuesta de alambre de aramida, una funda de polietileno y cinta de acero, lo que garantiza su durabilidad.


4. Tipos de cables de fibra óptica blindados

Los cables ópticos blindados se pueden dividir en diferentes categorías según su aplicación y tipo de blindaje.


Cabo óptico blindado interno


Los cables ópticos blindados internos están disponibles en dos tipos: los cables ópticos blindados de una sola capa y de doble capa se utilizan comúnmente en entornos costeros y de aguas poco profundas, mientras que los cables ópticos blindados de una sola capa son adecuados para otros entornos generales.


Cable óptico blindado para exteriores


Los cables ópticos blindados para exteriores se pueden dividir en tipos ligeros y pesados. Los cables ópticos blindados pesados se utilizan principalmente en los lechos de ríos y fondos marinos, por lo que son relativamente caros, mientras que los cables ópticos blindados ligeros son más económicos y prácticos.


Interlocking cabo óptico blindado


Los cables ópticos blindados interconectados están hechos de material de protección de aluminio y son adecuados para entornos interiores y exteriores. Se caracterizan por su alta durabilidad y fuerte resistencia a la presión.


Corrugated cabo óptico blindado

Los cables blindados corrugados están hechos de cinta de acero y se utilizan comúnmente en exteriores. Tienen excelentes propiedades mecánicas y son eficazmente resistentes a los roedores.


5. Aplicación de cable de fibra óptica blindado

Dependiendo del entorno de instalación, los cables ópticos blindados se pueden dividir en dos tipos: amortiguador suelto y amortiguador apretado. Los cables ópticos blindados con amortiguador suelto se utilizan generalmente en entornos al aire libre, mientras que los cables ópticos blindados con amortiguador apretado son adecuados para entornos interiores o mixtos interiores y exteriores.


Cabo óptico blindado interno

Los cables de fibra óptica apantallados internos típicamente cuentan con refuerzo de metal interconectado y una funda exterior hecha de material libre de halógeno y bajo humo. Son ampliamente utilizados en redes de telecomunicaciones para conectar edificios.

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Cable óptico blindado para exteriores

Los cables ópticos blindados al aire libre generalmente usan armadura, que tiene alta resistencia a la tracción, resistencia a la compresión y resistencia a los roedores, y es adecuada para su uso en entornos hostiles.

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VI. Resumen

En las comunicaciones modernas de fibra óptica, cualquier fallo de fibra puede dar lugar a importantes pérdidas financieras, lo que hace que la protección de la integridad de la fibra sea crucial. Los cables de fibra óptica blindados, que añaden una capa metálica protectora a la fibra, satisfacen eficazmente los requisitos de protección contra mordeduras de animales, humedad y estiramiento, lo que los convierte en un componente indispensable de los sistemas de comunicación modernos.

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